Instrument tube fitting installation manual

Bulletin 4200-B4Revised, July 2004

WARNING

The information contained within this publication is intended for educational purposes only. Information contained within is not intended for re-sale and may not be reproduced in whole or in partwithout the express written consent of The Parker HannifinCorporation.

©

2004, Parker Hannifin Corporation. All rights reserved.

Table of ContentsTUBINGVSPIPEINSTALLATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1OFPRINCIPLESTUBELINEFABRICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3PROPERTUBINGSELECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18PROPERTUBINGPREPARATION(HANDLING, CUTTING, DEBURRING, CLEANING) . . . . . . . . . . . .28PORTCONNECTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .30PROPERTUBEFITTINGMAKE-UP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33USEOFPARKERTUBEMARKERANDINSPECTIONGAUGES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .34PARKERIPD FERRULEPRESETTINGTOOLS . . . . . . . . . . . . .36PROPERTUBEFITTINGREMAKEINSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . .39PROPERHIGHINTEGRITYCOUPLINGSINSTALLATION . . . . . . .43PROPERINSTALLATIONOFWELDFITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44ANALYTICALTUBEFITTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50THREADANDTUBEENDSIZECHART . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .52THREADIDENTIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .61HEATCODETRACEABILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .65PARKERSUPARCASE®- FERRULEHARDENING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67Standard fluid line systems, whether for simple household use or for the more exacting requirements of industry, were for many years constructed from threaded pipe of assorted materials and were assembled with various standard pipe fitting shapes, unions and

nipples. Such systems under high pressures were plagued with leakageproblems besides being cumbersome, inefficient and costly to assembleand maintain. Therefore, the use of pipe in these systems has largelybeen replaced by tubing because of the many advantages it offers.

Old Method - Each connection is

threaded - requires numerous fittings - systemnot flexible or easy to install and service con-nections not smooth inside - pockets obstructflow.

Modern Method - Bendable tubing

needs fewer fittings - no threading required -system light and compact - easy to install andservice - no internal pockets or obstructions tofree flow.

Figure 1Tubing provides simplified, free flow system.

Major Advantages of Tubing vs. Pipe

1. Bending Quality- Tubing has strong but relatively thinner

walls; is easy to bend. Tube fabrication is simple.

2. Greater Strength- Tubing is stronger. No weakened

sections from reduction of wall thickness by threading.

Pipe

Tubing

Figure 2With no threading necessary, tubing does not require extra wall thickness

1

3.Less Turbulence- Smooth bends result in streamlined flow

passage and less pressure drop.

4.Economy of Space and Weight- With its better bending

qualities and a smaller outside diameter, tubing saves space andpermits working in close quarters. Tube fittings are smaller andalso weigh less.

5.Flexibility- Tubing is less rigid, has less tendency to transmit

vibration from one connection to another.

6.Fewer Fittings- Tubing bends substitute for elbows.

Fewer fittings mean fewer joints, fewer leak paths.

7.Tighter Joints- Quality tube fittings, correctly assembled, give

better assurance of leak-free systems.

8.Better Appearance- Tubing permits smoother contours with

fewer fittings for a professional look to tubing systems.

9.Cleaner Fabrication- No sealing compounds on tube

connections. Again no threading; minimum chance of scale, metal chips, foreign particles in system.

10.Easier Assembly and Disassembly- Every tube

connection serves as a union. Tube connections can be reassembled repeatedly with easy wrench action.

11.Less Maintenance- Advantages of tubing and tube fittings

add up to dependable, trouble-free installations.

2

1. Measure Exactly - Bend Accurately

These are the two most important rules which must be observedwhen fabricating a tube line. Figure 1

4\"A90°B4\"14\"90°C8\"DAccurate measurements coupled with exact angles may result in a tube line that will fit at points (A-D).

EXACTMEASUREMENTis required to insure that you obtain the

desired distance between bends. If you do not measure exactly, thetube line will not fit. Figure 2

4\"A90°B4\"24\"90°C8\"DMeasuring error on second leg (B-C) results in tube line that can

not fit at point (D).

3

ACCURATE BENDING is necessary to achieve the exact angles

required for the tube line. If you do not bend accurately, the tube linewill not fit. (Figure 3)

4\"AB8\"B'4\"ERROR100°390°C'C4\"DD'YOU MUST ALWAYS MEASURE EXACTLY

AND BEND ACCURATELY

2. Tube Centerline Basis for Measurement

The centerline of the tube is the basis for all tube line

measurement. (Figure 4) Always measure from the centerline except from the first bend which is measured from the end of the tube. On most benders, the edge of the radius block is at the centerline of the tube.

CL4

3. You Control Accuracy

Remember only you can control the accuracy of your work.

Use good, careful workmanship at all times.

4

Tube Bending Check list

Follow this list to insure good results on each bend.

1.Measure and mark exactly. Insert tube in bender.

2.Always try to bend in the same direction! If you backbend, be sure

to compensate for gain or pickup. Remember, gain always occurs to the right side of the tube radius block.3.Clamp tubing securely in bender.

4.Check to make certain length mark is tangent to desired angle on

radius block or in line with the desired degree on the link member.5.Bend accurately to the desired angle plus springback allowance.6.Open bender, remove tube.

7.Double check bend angle with triangle.8.Check measurement length with tape or ruler.

Keep Track of Changes of Plane

Benders bend in only one direction. Changes in plane are accom-plished by rotating the tubing in the bender. To insure that the tubing iscorrectly placed for the desired change in plane, a reference mark onthe tube is very helpful.

Bend Direction Mark

5

5

One method for keeping track of changes in plane is to use a

longitudinal or lengthwise bend direction mark. (Figure 5) Put the markon the side opposite the direction in which you wish to bend. When youput the tube in the bender, center the mark face up in the groove of theradius block. (Figure 6) This will insure that you bend in the correctdirection. It also gives you a reference mark in case you must leaveyour work unfinished.

6

Marking the Tube

Whenever you make a mark on tubing, use a sharp pencil. Use a ferrule as a guide to make measurement marks all the way around thetube so that the mark is always visible. (Figure 7) Don’t use grease pencils or crayons as these make too wide a line which can easily affect accuracy.

Measure and Mark

7

6

Neveruse a sharp tool to scratch marks onto tubing. Scratches create

points where corrosion or stress concentration can ruin or dangerouslyweaken the tube.

Rules for Positioning Tubing in Bender

A line which is tangent to the desired angle mark on the radius blockand which passes through the measurement mark at the centerline ofthe tube, is used to control the distance between bend centerlines.(Figure 8)

8

Tube Positioning Rules

90˚ ANGLES - TANGENTFLUSH WITHLENGTH MARK (REFER TO DOTTED

LINE XYTANGENTTO RADIUS BLOCK @90˚ FIG. 8.

ANGLES LESS THAN 90˚ - TANGENT

INTERSECTS LENGTHMARK ATCENTER-LINE.

ANGLES MORE THAN 90˚ - POSITION FORA90˚ BEND AND CONTINUE ON TODESIRED ANGLE, I.E. 135˚, 145˚. (I.E.

LENGTH MARK @ 90˚ ON LINK MEMBER)HORSESHOE OR U-BENDS - MEASUREFIRSTLEG, POSITION FOR 90˚, BENDAROUND TO 180˚.

7

Springback 90˚ Bend

RULE OF THUMB - Springback is approximately 3˚ for each 90˚ bend withstainless steel tubing.93°Compensate for springback:

1.2.

Test a piece of the material before you start fabricating a line to see how much it springs back on a 90˚ bend.

Overbend by the amount of springback. For example, if the

material springs back 3˚ on a 90˚ bend, bend to 93˚ to secure a finished 90˚ bend, or to 46-1/2˚ to obtain finished 45˚ bend. This works especially well with large heavy-wall tubing.

Remember, it is always better to underbend slightly. You can always bend a little more if needed, but it’s almost impossible to remove or straighten a bend, especially with large, heavy-wall tubing.

3.

REMEMBER - ATUBE BENDER BENDS -

IT CAN NOT UNBEND.

8

Tube Stretch or Pickup

When bent, tubing seems to stretch or pick up length. This is becauseit takes a curved shortcut across the inside of the angle. A good “ruleof thumb” for most standard tubing materials and radius blocks is thatthe tubing will stretch approximately one tube diameter for each 90˚bend.

Triangle A-B-C- with Arc “A-C”

ABTHE ARC “A-C” IS SHORTER THAN THE DISTANCE FROM “A” TO “B”, PLUS “B” TO “C”.10

CAlways try to bend in the same direction - away from the original start-ing end. If you reverse the direction of bending (bending towardsinstead of away from the original starting end) you will “trap” the

stretch. Thus, if you unknowingly make a reverse bend of 90˚, you willtrap the gain, in table 11 (approximately one tube O.D.) and increaseyour length between bends by that amount.

If bend direction for either 45˚ or 90˚ bend must be reversed, subtractthe “gain” amount listed in table 11.

While our rule of thumb is approximately correct, the amount of stretchis related to the diameter of the radius block used. This chart (Figure 11) gives the accurate increase in length that occurs with the most commonly used sizes of radius blocks.

As long as you measure and bend with the tube inserted from the left,and measure centerline, “pickup” will not affect your actual center-to-center measurement.

9

π= 3.1416R= radius bender

Gain - 90˚ Bend

2R- πR2or.429 R

RADIUS BLOCKDIAMETER ORTUBE CENTER LINEABGain - 45˚ Bend.8284R- πR4or.043 R

C11

Tube1/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/22Size23456810121416202432Radius ofBender(in inches)Gain90˚.16.19.24.30.40.64.80.971.13 1.29 1.61 1.93 3.43 Gain45˚ .02.02.02.03.04.06.08.10.11.13.16.19.343/87/169/1611/1615/161-1/21-7/82-1/42-5/833-3/44-1/2*8*PER AND 10111 STDNOTE: Some radius blocks may differ. Consult individual radius block manufacturers for details on other radius diameters.10

Pre-Measuring

You may pre-measure a series of bends. Measure the first bend fromthe end of the tube, the correct length. Compensate for each bendafter the first by subtracting the amount of gain from your chart foreach 90˚ of bend to allow for stretch (Figure 11). Always custom measure for the last bend.

Example of 1/4” Tubing

4\"3-3/4\"3-3/4\"3-3/4\"12“Rule of Thumb” Method

Compensate each measurement after the first by subtracting the gainlisted in table 11.

Best Way to Measure

For maximum accuracy, measure and bend exactly for each individualbend in the tubing line. We recommend the practice of Measure andBend, Measure and Bend, etc.

Characteristics of a Well-Made Tubing Circuit

In a well made tubing circuit or line, bends are accurate, measurementexact. The run is plumb, square and level. Tube ends rest firmly in thefittings and entry into the fittings is straight. Straight tube entry is veryimportant to insure that fittings are not under stress and can be assembled without leaks. (Figure 13)

Remember too, that length magnifies bend angles errors. If the leg following the bend is fairly long, an error of 1˚ may result in the tubeline missing the desired point completely.

11

CENTERLINEIF BENT92°CENTERLINEIF BENT88°ANGLEERRORMULTIPLIESOVER DISTANCEProperly Made Tube Circuit13LEVEL 90°PLUMBLINE90°90°45°FITTINGFITTING90°Recommended Free Tubing Lengths

It is important to consider the length of tubing from the end in the fittingbody to the beginning of the bend.‘‘L’’‘‘D’’Failure to allow for this properdistance can result in improperconnections, and leaks.O.D.TUBE O.D.1/16inches“L”Free Lengthof Straight Tubing(inches)“D”Tube InsertionDepth(inches)1/83/161/45/163/81/2 5/83/47/811-1/41-1/22.50.70.75.80.88.941.191.251.251.311.501.942.413.25.38.52.56.61.66.69.94.98.981.051.221.611.962.6512

Common Causes of Imperfect Bends

Figure A shows an ideal bend. Bends with little or no flattening are produced when correct equipment and methods are employed; whenproper consideration is given to co-relationship of the radius of thebend, material wall thickness and hardness of the tube.

Figure B shows a flattened bend, caused by trying to bend too short aradius, or bending smaller diameter tube in larger radius block.Figure C shows a kinked and flattened bend, caused by the tube slipping inthe bender, or by using non-annealed tubing. Tubes must be firmly clampedby clamp block to prevent slippage during bending process.

Figure D shows a wrinkled bend, sometimes produced when thin walltube is bent.

Breakage will sometimes occur when mandrel is too far forward in tube,or when too short a radius is attempts with hard tube.

A. Good Bend

B. Flattened Bend

C. Kinked Bend

D. Wrinkled Bend

Offset Bends

To form a tube offset, it is obviously necessary to make two bends.With these Parker hand tube benders, it is easy to make double 45˚bends. To make an offset bend simply follow the “Offset Bend

Allowance” steps below to determine the proper distance between thetwo 45˚ bends. Here’s the procedure.

LF(A)(B)13

STEP1First, determine the total amount of offset required (dimension“F” in the diagram).

STEP2Next, determine the angle of offset - 30˚ or 45˚. The latter (45˚)is recommended because Parker hand benders are calibrated for 45˚bending.

STEP3Figure the length of the tube required to meet your offsetrequirements (“L” dimension) in the diagram.

For 30˚ bends multiply desired offset “F”x 2= 30˚ offset dimension “L”. For 45˚ bends multiply desired offset “F”x 1414=45˚ offset dimension “L”.

STEP4Determine where you want the offset bend of the tube to start;and make a reference mark (A). Now measure off the “L” dimension(determined in Step 3), starting from the reference mark and make asecond mark (B). You are now ready to make the bends.

STEP5Align mark (A) with reference mark 45˚ on bender shoe handle(measurement end to the left) and proceed with first bend. Then align(B) with 45˚ mark and make second bend in proper direction

(measurement end to the left). Follow previous detailed instructions for making 45˚ bends in one plane.

Routing of Bends

Routing of lines is probably the most difficult yet most significant ofthese system design considerations. Proper routing involves getting aconnecting line from one point to another through the most logicalpath. The most logical path should:

Avoid excessive strain on joints- A strained joint will eventually leak.

Correct Routing Incorrect Routing

14

Correct Routing

Incorrect Routing

Correct Routing

Incorrect Routing

Correct Routing

Incorrect Routing

Allow for expansion and contraction- Use a “U” bend in long lines toallow for expansion and contraction.

U-Bend Allowing for Expansion and Contraction

15

Allow for motion under load- Even some apparently rigid systems domove under load.

Bent Tube Allowing for Motion Under Load

Get around obstructions without using excessive amount of 90˚bends.Pressure drop due to one 90˚ bend is greater than that due totwo 45˚ bends.

CorrectIncorrect

Keep tube lines away from components that requireregular maintenance.

CorrectIncorrect

16

Have a neat appearance and allow for easy trouble shooting,maintenance and repair.

Correct Incorrect

Tube Clamping

Once you’ve taken the time to make good bends and installed them,it’s not enough to just let them lay suspended in mid-air. When tubing isleft unsupported, shock and vibration will cause the tubing to shake,and in turn, cause the fitting to loosen and leak or even allow tube tofall through fatigue.

Tube support and clamping is a necessary requirement in the fluidpower industry. Tubing can be clamped individually, in sets, and canalso be stacked. The most important part of any clamping system ishaving enough clamps to attain the final result. That being, a well sup-ported, vibration and noise free system.

Also, most manufacturers specify SAE and JIC approved componentson their equipment. The best way to meet these specs concerningclamps is to utilize a clamp that employs both an upper and lower unitmade of metal and a rubber split bushing which surrounds the tube orpipe and fits on the inside of the clamping units.

Parker Hannifin offers a tube clamp support system by the name of“ParKlamp”. ParKlamp can clamp and support tube from 1/4” to 2” andpipe or hose from 1/4” to 1-1/2”. It comes standard in steel and uses arubber grommet around the tube for vibration dampening.

17

Standard Series -for outside diameters from1/4” to 2”.

Clamp material: Polypropylene

Twin Series -for equal or unequal outsidediameters from1/4” to 2”

Clamp Material: Polypropylene

Below you will find a chart of recommended spacing between clamps.We suggest you clamp as close to each bend of the tube as possible;and you must clamp each side. This eliminates thrust in all directions.For more information, write the Parker Hannifin Corporation, 6035

Parkland Ave, Cleveland, Ohio 44124. Catalog #4397 Parker ParKlamp.

EQUIVALENT

TUBE(mm)6 - 13 mm14 - 22 mm23 - 30 mm31 & up mm

FOOTSPACINGSPACINGINBETWEENMETERSSUPPORTS (Approx.)

3 ft.4 ft.5 ft.7 ft.

.9 m1.2 m1.5 m2.1

TUBEO.D.”1/4” - 1/2”3/8” - 7/8”

1”

1-1/4” & up

1.Always Match Materials- I.E., S.S. Tubing should be used only

with S.S. Fittings. The only exception to this rule is copper tubing with brass fittings. Mixing materials can cause galvanic corrosion.

Galvanic Corrosion (Electrochemical)

All metals have a specific relative electrical potential. When dissimilar metals come in contact in the presence of moisture (electrolyte), a low energy electric flows from the metal having the higher potential to the metal having the lower potential. The result of this galvanic action is the corrosion of the metal with the higher potential (more anodic). (See Galvanic Series Chart on page 19)

18

PARKER DOES NOT RECOMMEND THE USE OF DISSIMILAR METALS WHENPUTTING TOGETHER A TUBING/ FITTING CONNECTION SYSTEM.

.(Cathodic)

+0.20Galvanic Series Chart

–0.2–0.4–0.6–0.8–1.0–1.2ZINCBERYILIUMALUMINUM ALLOYSCADMIUMMILD STEEL, CAST IRONLOW ALLOY STEELAUSTENITIC NICKEL CAST IRONALUMINUM BRONZENAVAL BRASS, YELLOW BRASS, RED BRASSTINCOPPERPb-Sn SOLDER (50/60)ADMIRALTY BRASS, ALUMINUM BRASSMANGANESE BRONZESILICON BRONZETIN BRONZE (G & M)STAINLESS STEEL – TYPE 410, 416NICKEL SILVER90-10 COPPER-NICKEL80-20 COPPER-NICKELSTAINLESS STEEL – TYPE 430LEAD70-30 COPPER – NICKELNICKEL – ALUMINUM BRONZEINCONEL ALLOY 600SILVER BRAZE ALLOYSNICKEL 200SILVERSTAINLESS STEEL – TYPES 302, 304, 321, 347MONEL ALLOYS 400, K-500STAINLESS STEEL – TYPES 316, 317CARPENTER 20 Cb 3, HAYNES No. 20, CN-7MINCOLOY ALLOY BILLIUM ALLOY BTITANIUMHASTELLOY ALLOY C(Anodic)

–1.6–1.4MAGNESIUMPLATINUMGRAPHITEAbove represents corrosion potentials of materials in flowing seawater @ temperature in the range

10˚ C - 26˚ C. The hatched symbols indicate potentials exhibited by stainless steels in pits orcrevices.

19

Proper Tube Selection (continued)

2. Select proper tubing hardness - Remember Parker

Instrumentation Tube Fittings are designed to work within specific hardness ranges. Rb 90 max. for S.S., Rb 80 recommended.3.Select proper tubing wall thickness-Proper wall thickness is

necessary to accommodate accepted safety factors relative to desired working pressures. For details on items 2 & 3 note

“Instrumentation Tubing Selection Guide” shown on the following pages.4.Tubing surface finish- Always select tubing free of visible

drawmarks or surface scratches. If possible, cut off any

undesirable sections. These “deep” scratches can cause leaks when attempting to seal low-density gases such as argon, nitrogen, or helium.

Instrument Tubing Selection Guide

Parker’s Instrument Tube Fittings have been designed to work in a widevariety of applications that demand the utmost in product performance.Although Parker’s Instrument Tube Fittings have been engineered andmanufactured to consistently provide this level of reliability, no system’sintegrity is complete without considering the critical link, tubing.This guide is intended to assist the designer to properly select andorder quality tubing.

Proper tube selection and installation, we believe, are key ingredientsin building leak-free, reliable tubing systems.

General Selection Criteria

The most important consideration in the selection of suitable tubing forany application is the compatibility of the tubing material with themedia to be contained. Table 1 lists common materials and their associated general application. Table 1 also lists the maximum andminimum operating temperature for the various tubing materials.In addition, Parker instrumentation fittings should be used only with stainless steel tubing, aluminum fittings with aluminum tubing, etc. The practice of mixing materials is strongly discouraged. The onlyexception is brass fittings with copper tubing.

Dissimilar materials in contact may be susceptible to galvanic

corrosion. Further, different materials have different levels of hardness,and can adversely affect the fittings ability to seal on the tubing.

20

Table1

Carpenter 20 is a trademark of Carpenter Technology Corporation. Monel 400 is a trademark of International Nickel.

1.For operating temperatures above 800 ˚F (425 ˚C), consideration should be given to media.

300 Series Stainless Steels are suspectible to carbide

precipitation which may lead to intergranular corrosion at elevated temperatures.2. Consideration should be given to maximum temperature ratings if fittings and/or tubing are All temperature ratings based on temperatures per ASME/ANSI B31-3 Chemical Plant and PetroleumRefinery Piping Code, 1999 Edition.

The information listed in Table 1 is general in scope. For specific applications, please contact Parker’sInstrumentation Products Division, Product Engineering Department (256) 881-2040.

Gas Service

Special care must be taken when selecting tubing for gas service. Inorder to achieve a gas-tight seal, ferrules in instrument fittings mustseal any surface imperfections. This is accomplished by the ferrulespenetrating the surface of the tubing. Penetration can only be achievedif the tubing provides radial resistance and if the tubing material issofter than the ferrules.

Thick walled tubing helps to provide resistance. Tables 2-7 indicate theminimum acceptable wall thickness for various materials in gas service.The ratings in white indicate combinations of diameter and wall thickness which are suitable for gas service.

21

Acceptable tubing hardness for general application is listed in Table 9.These values are the maximum allowed by the ASTM. For gas service,better results can be obtained by using tubing well below this maxi-mum hardness. For example, a desirable hardness of 80 Rb is suitablefor stainless steel. The maximum allowed by ASTM is 90 Rb.

System Pressure

The system operating pressure is another important factor in

determining the type, and more importantly, the size of tubing to beused. In general, high pressure installations require strong materialssuch as steel or stainless steel. Heavy walled softer tubing such ascopper may be used if chemical compatibility exists with the media.However, the higher strength of steel or stainless steel permits the useof thinner tubes without reducing the ultimate rating of the system. Inany event, tube fitting assemblies should never be pressurized beyondthe recommended working pressure.

The following tables (2-7) list by material the maximum suggested

working pressure of various tubing sizes. Acceptable tubing diametersand wall thicknesses are those for which a rating is listed.

Combinations which do not have a pressure rating are not recommend-ed for use with instrument fittings.

Maximum Allowable Working Pressure Tables

TTable2TubeO.D.Size1/161/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/22200025002900240021003300280024004300360032002500316or304STAINLESSSTEEL(Seamless)WALLTHICKNESS.0105600.0126900.014.016.020.028.035.049.065.083.095.109.120.134.156.188860055004000109007000510041003300260010300750059004800103008100660067006100500042003700580049004200470049004500320022

TTable3TubeO.D.Size1/161/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/22.010.01248005900.0147000316or304STAINLESSTSTEEL(Welded).016.020.02814300730047003400.035WALLTHICKNESS.049.065.083.095.109.120.134.156.188810010300930060004400340022008700640050004100320025002100180087006900560043003400280024002100570045003700310027002100520042003600310024002000490042003600280023001700400031002600190035002900210042003400250042003000RATINGS IN GRAYNOT SUITABLE FOR GAS SERVICE

Table 4TubeO.D.Size1/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/8 11-1/4.028.035.049970071005500450033002600220018001600CARBON STEEL (Seamless).065.083WALL THICKNESS.095.109.120.134.148.165.180Table 6TubeO.D.Size1/83/161/415/163/81/25/83/47/81ALUMINUM (Seamless)WALL THICKNESS .0358700560041003200260019001500.049810059004600380028002200180015001300.065.083.09581001030052006700380049003800310023001800970077006200450035002900250021001700600046003800320028002200540044003700320025005100430037002900410032003700410046005100380029002400320021002700180023002700Table 5COPPER (Seamless) Table 7TubeO.D.Size1/161/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/41.0105900.020.028MONEL 400 (Seamless)WALL THICKNESS.035.049.065.083.095.109.120TubeWALL THICKNESSO.D..010.020.028.035.049.065.083.095.109.120Size1/1617003800540060001/8280036003/161800230035001/41700260035005/161300200028003/81100160023001/28001200160022005/89001300170020003/480010001400160019007/8600900110013001600 160080010001200140015001260017000860055004000110007100510040003300230010300750010300590081004800660033004500280037002300310023005900490040002900570046003400540039004400Note:

•All working pressures have been calculated using the maximum allowable stress levels in

accordance with ASME/ANSI B31.3, Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping or ASME/ANSI B31.1 Power Piping.

•All calculations are based on maximum outside diameter and minimum wall thickness.•All working pressures are at ambient (72˚F) temperature.

23

Systems Temperature

Operating temperature is another factor in determining the proper tubing material. Copper and aluminum tubing are suitable for low

temperature media. Stainless steel and carbon steel tubing are suitablefor higher temperature media. Special alloys such as Alloy 600 are recommended for extremely high temperature (see Table 1). Table 8lists derating factors which should be applied to the working pressureslisted in Table 2-7 for elevated temperature (see Table 1). Table 8 listsderating factors which should be applied to the working pressures listed in Tables 2-7 for elevated temperature conditions. Simply locatethe correct factor in Table 8 and multiply this by the appropriate valuein Tables 2-7 for the elevated temperature working pressure.Table 8Temperature Derating FactorsTemperature˚F(˚C) CopperAluminum 316 SS 304 SS Steel100(38)1.001.001.00 1.00 1.00200(93).801.001.00 1.00.96300(149).78.811.00 1.00.90400(204).50.40.97 .94.86500(260).90 .88.82600(316).85 .82.77700(371).82 .80.73800(427).80 .76.59900(486).78 .731000(538).77 .691100(593).62 .491200(649).37 .30Monel4001.00.88.82.79.79 .79.79.76EXAMPLE: 1/2 inch x .049 wall seamless stainless steel tubing has aworking pressure of 3700 psi @ room temperature. If the system wereto operate @ 800˚F (425˚C), a factor of 80% (or .80) would apply (seeTable 8 above) and the “at temperature” system pressure would be3700 psi x .80 = 2960 psi

Tubing Ordering Suggestions

Tubing for use with Parker instrument fittings must be carefully orderedto insure adequate quality for good performance. Each purchase ordermust specify the material nominal outside diameter, and wall thickness. Ordering to ASTM specifications insures that the tubing will be

dimensionally, physically, and chemically within strict limits. Also, morestringent requirements may be added by the user. All tubing should beordered free of scratches and suitable for bending.

24

A purchase order meeting the above criteria would read as follows:1/2” x .049316 stainless steel, seamless, or welded and redrawn perASTM A-249. Fully annealed, 80 Rb or less. Must be suitable for bend-ing; surface scratches, and imperfections (incomplete weld seams) arenot permissible.

Table 9 lists specific ordering information for each material.

Table 9Material Type ASTM Tubing Spec. Condition Stainless Steel 304, 316, 316L ASTM-A-269, A-249,A-213, A632CopperK or LASTM-B75 B68, B88* (K or L)Carbon Steel 1010SAE-J524b, J525bASTM-A-179AluminumAlloy 6061ASTM B-210Monel™ Alloy 600Carpenter 20™Titanium 400ASTM B-165ASTM-B-622, B-626Alloy C-276 C-276Fully AnnealedSoft AnnealedTemper 0Fully AnnealedT6 TemperFully AnnealedFully AnnealedFully AnnealedFully AnnealedFully AnnealedMax. Recommended Hardness90 Rb60 Max.Rockwell 15T72 Rb56 Rb75 Rb90 Rb90 Rb90 Rb99 Rb200 Brinell Typical600ASTM B-16720CB-3ASTM B-468CommerciallyASTM B-338Pure Grade 2Note: B88 Copper Tube to be ordered non-engravedWARNING

FAILURE OR IMPROPER SELECTION OR IMPROPER USE OF THE PRODUCTSAND/OR SYSTEMS DESCRIBED HEREIN OR RELATED ITEMS CAN CAUSEDEATH, PERSONAL INJURY AND PROPERTY DAMAGE.

This document and other information from Parker Hannifin Corporation, its subsidiaries and authorizeddistributors provide product and/or system options for further investigation by users having technicalexpertise. It is important that you analyze all aspects of your application and review the information con-cerning the product or system in the current product catalog. Due to the variety of operating conditionsand applications for these products or systems, the user, through its own analysis and testing, is solelyresponsible for making the final selection of the products and systems and assuring that all performance,safety and warning requirements of the application are met.

The product described herein, including without limitation, product features, specifications, designs, avail-ability and pricing, are subject to change by Parker Hannifin Corporation and its subsidiaries at any timewithout notice.

25

ASTM Tubing Specifications Outside Diameter/Wall Thickness

It is important to understand that both of the above can affect the ferrule(s) ability to seal on the tubing. We recommend ordering tubingmanufactured to the plus (+) side of the outside diameter tolerance.Wall thickness variations can affect pressure ratings and flow characteristics.

The following tables should explain the allowable variations.

ASTM Dimensional Specifications for Tubing

Table 1Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter (1)Table 2Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness

Table 3Permissible Variations in Wall Thickness for ASTM B68 and

ASTM B75

ASTM Dimensionable Specifications for Tubing

Table 1 Permissible Variations in Outside Diameter (1)

TubeO.D.A213InchesA249A269A632+.002+.003

A179B68B75B165B167+.002+.003

N/A

±.002+.004

±.004

±.005

±.005

±.005

+.004

±.004

±.004±.004

+.004-.005B338B468B622B6261/161/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/4±.0061-1/22

±.010

±.010

N/A

±.006

±.0025±.0075±.005

±.006

±.0075±.006±.008

±.003

±.010

±.006

±.010±.007±.010±.010±.010

(1) Cold Drawn Tubing26

Table 2 Permissible Variations in Wall ThicknessTube O.D. A213 A249Inches1/161/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/22A269A632A179B165 B338B167B468B622B626±15%±15%±15%N/A+20%±10%±10%+20%±10%±12.5%±12.5%±10%±10%+22%±10%±10%+20%Permissible Variation in Wall Thickness for ASTM B68 andASTM B75 Copper

Table 3 Wall Thickness (Inches)

TubeO.D..010Inches1/161/83/161/45/163/81/25/83/47/811-1/41-1/2±.002±.0025±.0032.020.028.035.049.065.083.095.109N/A.120N/A±.002±.003±.003

N/A±.003

±.001

±.002±.0025±.0035±.004±.005

±.0015±.0035±.004±.005±.006

27

Proper Tubing PreparationTube end preparation is essential in assuring leak-free systems. Someimportant points to consider are:• Handling Tubing• Cutting Tube End with either a tube cutter or hacksaw• Deburring the tube end• Cleaning the tube endHandling TubingAfter tubing has been properly selected and ordered, careful handlingis important.From the receiving dock to point of installation, special attention is necessary to prevent scratching and burring the O.D. of the tubing.This is especially important for gas service. Low-density gases such ashelium and argon cannot be sealed with damaged tubing.Make certain not to drag tubing across any surfaces such as truckbeds, shelves, or storage racks, the floor and (or) ground of anyplant/construction site.This is important for tubing of all materials, particularly for copper and aluminum. Besides scratching, improperhandling can create out-of-round tubing. Out-of-round tubing will not fitthe I.D. of the ferrule(s) or the body bore properly and will cause leakage.28Cutting the Tube End

To insure a good joint, tube must be cut off square. This can beaccomplished with either a tube cutter or hacksaw.

ab

TUBETUBE

Figure 4Enlarged section of tube showing differences in tubing cut with a

tube cutter (a) and a hacksaw (b).Tubing Cuttersare more com-monly utilized on softer tubingsuch as copper, aluminum oreven “soft” steel tubing. If a tubecutter is utilized with stainlesssteel tubing, remember that aspecial cutting wheel, designedfor use with stainless steel tubing should be employed. The use of dull or improper cutting wheelscan work harden the S.S. tubing near the cut area. This CAN adverselyaffect the fittings sealing ability.

Cutting with a Hacksaw -When using a hacksaw to cutoff tubing, it is essential to usea guide to assure square cut-offs. We recommend our Tru-Kut vise Model #710439. (Seebelow) Further, to minimize theresidual burrs, a hacksaw

blade of 32 teeth per inch min-imum is suggested.

29

Deburring the Tube End

The burrs formed by either the tube cutter or hacksaw must be

removed prior to assembly to prevent those burrs from eventually dam-aging the system. O.D. burrs can prevent tubing from seating properlyin a fitting body. I.D. burrs can restrict flow, as well as possibly breakloose and damage fine filtration elements.Note: Do not over deburr the O.D. of tubing.You may deburr the tubing with your choice of file(s), or utilize Parker’s IN-EX De-Burring tool Model #226. This tool can be used to deburr both the I.D. & O.D. of tubing sizes 1/8” thru 1-1/2”.

Cleaning the Tube End

After you deburr the tubing, it is essential to remove burrs from the tubing line. This can be accomplished by:

1. Flushing with solvent or low pressure compressed air.2. Swab with lint-free cloth.

Again, this should prevent entrapping one of these small burrs down-stream where it might do some system damage.

Before the cleaned and deburred tubing can be inserted into the tubeend of the body, care should be taken to insure that the port connec-tion is properly prepared and installed so that it will accept the tubing.

fitting to port Pipe thread port

InstallationAssembly -

•Make sure pipe threads are free from nicks, burrs, dirt, etc.

•For use with Teflon®tape.

Apply Teflon®tape to threads starting with first thread. 1-1/2 to 2 turns of tape should be applied in the direction of the male pipe spiral.

•Insert fitting into pipe port and turn it in finger tight.•Tighten with wrench.

NOTE:If thread sealants are being used - follow manufacturers

recommended instructions for application.

30

InstallationAssembly - fitting to portSAE Straight Thread O-ringFitting (Non adjustable)•Make sure both threads and sealingsurfaces are free of burrs, nicks & scratches, or any foreign material.•Lubricate O-ring with system compatible lubricant.•Tighten to torque level listed in the torque chart on page 32.InstallationAssembly - fitting to port SAEstraight thread O-ring fitting (Adjustable)•Inspect and correct bothmating parts for burrs, nicks,scratches or any foreign particles.•Lubricate O-ring with system compatible lubricant.Lock NutBack-Up WasherO-RingLock NutWasherO-Ring•Back off lock nut as far as possible toward fitting body make sureback-up washer and O-ring are pushed up as far as possible toward upper thread.•Screw fitting by hand into the port until back-up washer contactsface of the port and continue turning until snug. (Very slightwrenching maybe needed). Back-up washer is now in correctposition for assembly.31

Installation

Assembly - fitting to port

SAE straight thread O-ring fitting (Adjustable)

•To position the fitting, unscrew by requiredamount but not more than one full turn.•To position the fitting, unscrew fitting body byrequired amount but not more than one full turn.

•Hold fitting in desired position using (2)

wrenches and tighten lock nut to torque level listed in the torque chart at bottom of page.•Hold fitting in desired position and tighten lock nut to torque level listed in the torque chart.

Installation

Assembly - port end SAE straight thread

Straight Port

Torque

Size (in-lbs) (F.F.F.T.)4681012162024

245 ±10630 ±251150 ±501550 ±502050 ±503000 ±503400 ±100

1.0 ±.251.5 ±.251.5 ±.251.5 ±.251.5 ±.251.5 ±.251.5 ±.25

Adjustable PortTorque(in-lbs)

200 ±10400 ±10640 ±101125 ±501450 ±502150 ±502800 ±1003450 ±100

(F.F.F.T.)

1.5 ±251.5 ±251.5 ±251.5 ±251.5 ±251.5 ±25 2.0 ±252.0 ±25

4500 ±100 1.5 ±.25

Notes

•Restrain fitting body on adjustables if necessary in installation.• Values in charts are for assemblies with O-ring lubricated.•Use upper limits of torque ranges for stainless steelfittings.

32

Installation

Assembly - fitting to portSAE straight thread O-ring(adjustable)

Nut not backed offenough prior to assemblyPinchedO-RingImproper assembly can pinch O-ring causing leaky joint

Nut not backed off enough prior to assembly will pinch the SAE straightthread O-ring.

Because of considerable variations in tubing wall thickness and sur-face hardness, Instrument Tube Fittings are not made up by torque.Rather they are assembled by the following simple instructions:•Once tubing is bottomed out

Normal Make-UpSize 1 thru 3 (1/16”-3/16”)Size 4 thru 16 (1/4”-1”)1-1/4 turns from finger tight3/4 turns from finger tightIf you mark the nut before you start, you will know when you have

finished; that you have advanced the nut the required number of turns.•Caps (PNBZ/BLEN) - Wrench tighten 1-1/4 turns from finger tight(Parts with pre-machined ferrules make-up 1/4 T.F.F.T.)

•Tube Plugs (FNZ/BLP) - Wrench tighten 1/4 turn from finger tight•Port Connector (ZPC/PC) - Wrench tighten 1/4 turn from finger tight

33

Parker CPI™/A-LOK®Fittings on Plastic Tubing

Parker CPI™/A-LOK®Instrument Fittings can be successfully used onany of the following plastic tubing: nylon, polyethylene, polypropylene,Teflon®, or vinyl. Normal make-up instructions should be followed, (1-1/4” turns from finger tight) sizes 4 thru 16 (3/4 turn from finger tightfor size 3” or below) and a properly-sized insert should be used whenrequired. (Please refer to CPI™/A-LOK®Catalog 4230 for insert details).The use of the insert is dependent upon tubing O.D. Tubing 1/2” O.D.and above requires an insert. Softness of the tubing is another guide-line for the use of an insert. Tubing that is soft enough to be easilypinched closed with your fingers will require an insert no matter what the O.D. may be.

Tube Marker

Put burnish marks on the tubing quickly and accurately with this easy-to-use tube marker. Also used to check the burnish mark position.(Good for the life of the fitting.)

Tube Marker

Ensures proper tube depth insertion into the fitting body.34

Inspection GaugesThis handy gauge does double duty. Use the No-Go portion (on oneend) to check the tube insertion depth. Use the other end to check thespace between the nut and body hex. (Proper initial make-up preventsthe gauge from being inserted.)Inspection GaugeThis compact C-Ring gauge is for inch and metric sizes. Effectivelychecks the gap dimensions for proper initial make-up. Can be com-bined on a key ring for easy handling.Gap GaugeSize246810121416Tubing O.D.1/8””3/8”5/8”3/4”7/8”1”SizeIN4””8”16”SizeMETIN4””8”16”MET16121825 1612 18 2535

Ferrule Presetting Components

Part Numbers

1/4”3/8”1/2”5/8”3/4”7/8”1”1-1/4”1-1/2”2”

4 4 Body Die6 6 Body Die8 8 Body Die10 10 Body Die12 12 Body Die14 14 Body Die16 16 Body Die20 20 Body Die24 24 Body Die 32 32 Body DieHy-Fer-Set Kit Components

Threads Size Body Die Nut Die Item Part No.Size 4 Nut Die Kit AHydraulic Ram (size 4-16) Hydraulic Ram Size 6 Nut Die Kit B Hydraulic Ram (size 20-32) Hy-Fer-Set Body AssemblySize 8 Nut Die Hydraulic Hand PumpSize 10 Nut Die Hose AssemblySize 12 Nut Die Carrying CaseSize 14 Nut DieSize 16 Nut DieSize 20 Nut DieSize 24 Nut DieSize 32 Nut Die

Size 16 Body Die AdapterEnerpac Pump P-392Hose Assembly w/guardsCarrying Case

NOTE: To preset 1” with “B” tool, a size 16 body die adapter must be used

IPD Ferrule Presetting Tool Assembly Instructions

Coupler body in hydraulic ram and pump, is a high pressure, screwtogether coupler. Thread coupler body onto nipple and each end ofhose assembly. No tools required.

Presetting CPI™/A-LOK®Tube Fitting Ferrules

Sizes 1/4” Through 1”

Figure 11.Assemble CPI™/A-LOK®nut, CPI™/A-LOK®Ferrule(s) and body die onto tubing as shown in Figure1. Besure that the tapered end of the Ferrule(s) point toward the body die.2.Insert “U-shaped” Nut Die into the back-up plate of the Hydraulic Ram as shown in Figure 2.3.Insert Tube Assembly, Figure 1into Nut Die as shown in Figure 3.

Figure 24.Close the pressure relief valve on the side of the hand pump. Pump the hand pump until the ram

reaches a positive stop. At this pointan increase in resistance of the handle will be felt and the nut will bottom against the shoulder of the body die Figure 4.

36

5. Release the hydraulic pressure by opening the relief valve on the side of the pump. The ram will automatically return to the original position.6.The ferrule(s) are now preset on the tubing. Remove the preset assembly and pull the body die off the end of the tubing. (If the body die does not pull off by hand, clamp on the outside of the body die and move the tubing back & forth while pulling.) Do not clamp or pull on the preset ferrule(s) as this could damage a sealing surface.7.Insert the preset assembly into a fitting body, and make sure the ferrule seats in the fitting.Tighten the nut on the fitting body until finger tight.8.Tighten the nut with a wrench the additional amount shown in Table 1 for each connection size. (If an increase in torque is not felt early in wrench make-up the preset assembly was not properly seated.) If this happens, tighten the nut with a wrench until the torque increase is felt. Then, loosen nut to the finger tight position, tighten the nut the additional amount shown in Table 1.

Figure 3

Figure 4

Table 1Size

4

6

8

101/2

121/2

141/2

161/2

Turns 1/2 1/2 1/2

37

Pre-setting the CPI™Tube Fitting Ferrules

Size 1-1/4”, 1-1/2”, and 2”

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 31.Assemble CPI™nut, CPI™Ferrule and body die onto tubing as shown in

Figure 1. Be sure that the tapered end of the ferrule point toward the body die.2.Insert “U-shaped” Nut die into the Nut Die Adapter of the Hydraulic Ram as shown in Figure 2.NOTE: For size 32 the nut die adapter is not needed and must be removed before inserting the nut die.3.Insert Tube Assembly, Figure 1into Nut Die as shown in Figure 3.4.Close the pressure relief valve on the side of the hand pump. Pump the handpump until the ram reaches a positive stop. At this point an increase in

resistance of the handle will be felt andthe nut will bottom against the shoulderof the body die Figure 4.5.Release the hydraulic pressure by opening the relief valve on the side of the pump. The ram will automatically return to the original position.6.The ferrule(s) are now preset on the tubing. Remove the preset assembly and pull the body die off the end of the tubing. (If the body die does not pull off by hand, clamp on the outside of the body die and move the tubing back & forth while pulling.) Do not

clamp or pull on the preset ferrule(s) as this could damage a sealing surface.7.Insert the preset assembly into a fitting body, and make sure the ferrule

seats in the fitting.Tighten the nut on the fitting body until finger tight.

38

Figure 4

8.Tighten nut with a wrench the additional

amount shown in Table 1for each connectionsize. (If an increase in torque is not felt

early in wrench make up the preset assembly was not properly seated.)If this happens, tighten the nut with a wrench until torque increase is felt. Then, loosen nut to thefinger tight position, tighten nut the additionalamount shown in Table 2.Table 2

SizeTurns

205/8

245/8

323/4

PLEASE NOTE: Pressure ratings for all Parker Hannifin instrumen-tation fittings are different because tubing thickness can vary wide-ly. All instrumentation fittings are designed so the tubing is alwaysweaker than the fitting. Thus the pressure rating of the fitting is con-tingent on the pressure rating of the associated tubing.

Minimum Tubing Lengths

LTUBE O.D.“L” Chart

Tube O.D.

“L”

1/4”2”3/8”2-1/8”1/2”2-3/8”5/8”2-3/8”3/4”2-3/8”7/8”2-1/2”1”2-5/8”1-1/4”3”1-1/2”3-3/8”2” 4-1/4”Note: You will need a minimum straight lengthof tubing ahead of any bend to fit into the presetting tool. See the “L” dimension in the chart for each tube O.D. size.

A disassembled joint can be remade simply by retightening the nut tothe position of the original make up. For maximum number of remakes,mark the fitting and nut before disassembly. Before retightening, makesure the assembly has been inserted into the fitting until the ferrule(s)seats in the fitting. Retighten the nut by hand. Rotate the nut with awrench to the original position as indicated by the previous marks lining up. (A noticeable increase in mechanical resistance will be feltindicating the ferrule is being re-sprunginto sealing position.) Then snug the nut

AA1/12 turn (1/2 hex flat) as shown from A

to B, past the original position.

B39

The Parker P32 Rotary WrenchSize 1-1/4” thru 2”

The patent pending rotary wrench assembles and disassembles largesize CPI™ and A-LOK® fittings in place in the field safely and effort-lessly. The Rotary Wrench reduces long-term maintenance costs.To reach the stage of assembly, follow these steps:1.Pin reaction pad “F” to rotary wrench.

2.Open outer and inner rotary wrench hinges by loosening (2) cap screws.3.Select proper split insert (20-24-32) to fit tube nut hex. Place split insert in rotary wrench head. Make certain drive teeth mesh.4.Re-tighten inner, then outer cap screws to secure rotary wrench head and hex insert.5. Position rotary wrench’s hex insert on tube fitting nut.

6. Insert properly prepared tubing into tube fitting. Make certain to feel tubing bottom against stop in fitting body. Finger-tighten the nut and ferrule assembly. This eliminates the need for hydraulic pre-setting and hand wrench tightening. No bulky wrenches to create safety hazards.7. Use the ratcheting action of the PAK-32 Rotary Wrench to find “wrench tight” prior to assembly. By hand, use the rotary wrench to draw the nut and ferrule(s) to their proper position by “wrench” tightening the assembly until a sharp rise in torque is felt.8. Place hex wrench in “tighten” slot of reaction pad “F”, and secure open end to tube body hex.9. Mark nut and body hex to indicate starting point

10.Press advance button on remote control and release after each

18°split insert rotation. Repeat sequence until fitting is correctly assembled to 1-1/2 turns.Note: Correct make-up of 1-1/2 turns should always be verified by relative alignment of marks on nut and body.

For more information, see Catalog 4290-B2 or P32 Video.

40

Parker Rotary Wrench Assembly SystemNote:Customer Power SupplyNote:You will need a minimumstraight length of tubing ahead ofany bend to fit into the pre-settingtool. See the “L” dimension in thechart for each tube O.D. size.Parker Rotary Wrench Assembly KitPart NumberThreads1-1/4\"1-1/2\"2\"Hy-Fer-Set Kit ComponentsNut DieSize 20 Nut DieSize 24 Nut DieSize 32 Nut DieSize202432Body Die20 Body Die24 Body Die32 Body DieItemKit B Hydraulic Ram(size 20-32)Tube O.D.1-1/4\"1-1/2\"2\"“L”3”3-3/8”4-1/4”SizeTurnsTable 2205/8245/8323/4TUBE O.D.“L”“L”Chart41

Dielectric Fittings

Standard Size 8 Fitting Body Dielectric AssemblyStandard Size 6 Fitting BodyIdentification Ring1. Place Identification Ring over size 8 fitting body.

2.Insert size 8 (dielectric end) into standard fitting body and tightennut until finger tight. Tighten with wrench until nut contactsidentification ring.3.Insert tube end with pre-set nut and ferrule(s) into fitting body andtighten until finger tight. Tighten with wrench 1/4 turn fromfinger tight.

42

Proper High Integrity Couplings InstallationUltraSeal Nut UltraSeal Gland UltraSeal UltraSeal Body

O-Ring

UltraSeal

A positive seal is achieved by advancing the nut no less than 1/4 turnfrom finger tight position. When a sharp rise in torque is felt, the sealingfaces have met and the O-ring seal is compressed into its groove.UltraSeal is capable of repeated remakes; advance the nut to a finger tight position and wrench until a sharp rise in torque is felt.

VacuSeal

VacuSeal VacuSeal Gland Gasket VacuSeal Long Gland VacuSeal Male NutFemale Nut

Remove the protector cap from the toroid. Place the gasket into thefemale nut where applicable. Assemble components and snug fingertight. Holding a backup wrench stationary, tighten the female nut 1/8 turn past finger tight for 316-SS or nickel gaskets. Upon remake anew gasket should be installed each time.

43

Automatic Buttweld MiniButtweld Tube Fittings

COUNTERBORE INPATENTEDCOLLAR SERVESAS PILOTLOCATOR RIBFOR TUBINGEND WELDCOLLARSTRAIGHT CONNECTORU.S. PatentedFigure 1- The Automatic Buttweld fitting has alocator rib positioned a fixed distance from theend weld collar.Figure 1- The Mini-Buttweld tube fitting hasa controlled distance from the fitting bodyshoulder to the end of the tube stub.U.S. PatentedFigure 2- The orbiting electrode is preciselypositioned over the end collar by engagingthe locator rib within the weld head.Note: The weld head shown is for illustrationonly.WELD HEADSCHEMATICFigure 2- The orbiting electrode is positionedover the fitting end by batting against the body.Note:The weld head shown is for illustrationonly.COLLETSELECTRODEELECTRODECOLLETWITHOUTGROOVEFOR TUBELOCATORCOLLETRIBWITHGROOVEFORU.S. PatentedLOCATOR RIBWELD HEADSCHEMATICFigure 3- The orbital welder electrode isshielded within the stationary head androtates 360˚ to produce uniform, accuratewelds.Figure 3- The orbital welded electrode isshielded within the mini-weld head and rotates360˚ to produce uniform, accurate, 100%penetration welds.Purpose

Parker Orbital Tube Weld fittings are designed for applications requir-ing the reliability of a welded tubing system. They were developedspecifically for installation using automatic, orbital TIG (Tungsten/InertGas) welding equipment.

44

Parker Weld fittings offer the easiest, fastest and most reliable way tofabricate welded systems.

Parker MiniButtweld Tube Fittings are available in VIM/VAR stainlesssteel in tees, 90˚ elbows, reducers and mini glands.

Orbital Tube Weld Fittings are available in AOD/VAR and VIM/VAR

stainless steel in straight unions, tees and 90˚ elbows. Orbital Buttweldends are also available with male pipe and compression tube connec-tions.

For high integrity mechanical connections for positive pressure andvacuum applications in ultra-pure systems, Buttweld fittings may bespecified with an UltraSeal or VacuSeal Coupling.

Pressure

Buttweld pressure ratings will be governed by the tubing wall thicknessselected for a particular application.

Buttweld working pressures are rated at room temperature based on a4 to 1 design factor. Pressure ratings are calculated in accordance withANSI Power Piping Code B31.1.

Interior (I.D.) Surface Finishes

Orbital Tube Weld and MiniButtweld Tube Fittings can be supplied withextremely smooth internal surface finishes to meet requirements of highpurity tubing systems. Electropolished internal surfaces can also beprovided. Consult your local Parker distributor or factory for more details.

Automatic Buttweld Principles of Operation

Parker’s patented Automatic Buttweld tube fittings are designed specifically for installation by means of automatic, orbital TIG

(Tungsten/Inert Gas) welding machines. Any one of several makes may be used; their names are available from Parker upon request.In an orbital welder, the electrode is contained and shielded within thehead (see Figure 3 page 49). The head itself does not rotate; rather,the electrode rotates 360˚ within the head.

An orbital-type welder utilizes high-frequency current pulses, producinglow-frequency arc pulses. These yield considerable arc penetration intothe metal at low current values. As a result, arc-pressure variations arekept low and the resulting agitation of the weld puddle eliminatesporosity and refines the grain structure at the weld area.

45

To Operate a TIGWelding Machine

1.Place the Automatic Buttweld fitting into the weld head, placing thelocator rib in the corresponding locator groove. For MiniButtweld,place the fitting into the mini-weld head and position the fitting bodyshoulder against the tube clamp assembly.2. Bottom the tubing (square cut, deburred) in the fitting end collarand close the second collet, which locks the tubing to the weldhead. Engage the second collet.3.Close the weld head. Press the “Start” button.

Depending on the size and wall-thickness of the tubing, the weldingmachine parameters can be programmed to make one or more 360˚passes. Once programmed, the machine will repeat the operation precisely, within very close tolerances and in areas too tight for manualwelding.

Automatic Centering of Electrode

Each Automatic Buttweld fitting has an external locator rib (patented)situated a fixed distance from the end welding collar (see Figure 1page 49). When the welder-head clamping collet is applied, the rib fitssnugly within a corresponding annular groove in the collet.

As the electrode orbits, the collet follows the rib, maintaining precisepositioning of the electrode, over the end collar (see Figure 3 page 49).Thus, electrode and welding positioning are always accurately aligned.

End Weld Collar

On the O.D. of each Automatic Buttweld fitting end, there is an end col-lar. During welding, the electrode tip is positioned directly over this endcollar. As the electrode orbits, a uniform bead on the buttseam isachieved.

Like the locator rib, the end collar is an exclusive Parker feature.

Piloted Mating of Tube to Fitting

The end collar of the Automatic Buttweld fitting is counter bored. Thisserves as a pilot for the tube end, guiding it accurately into the fittingend.

Like the locator rib, the end collar is an exclusive Parker feature.

46

Compensation for Tube-Thickness Variations

The outside diameter of the end collar is designed to compensate fornormal variations in the nominal O.D. of instrumentation tubing.In addition, each fitting is machined for the specific wall thicknessbeing specified.

These two features allow for the fitting bore and tube I.D. to be careful-ly matched. Thus, an ABW connection will allow for full flow, with noprotrusions extending into the flow path. This will reduce a major causeof turbulence.

Socket Weld Fittings

General

The weld used in joining a tube to a socket weld tube fitting is like anyother type of “tee” weld. The root (i.e., the point of intersection of theoutside of the tube and annular end area of the fitting) must be includ-ed in the weld zone.

Careful welding procedures are normally followed to assure that thisroot area is included in the weld. If penetration is not achieved, the jointwill have two built-in stress risers which may greatly reduce the

strength of the weld. Upon application of an extreme load, these stressrisers could result in cracks which could propagate out through theweld or tube depending upon the direction of the greatest load.Often to achieve full root penetration in TIG welding of stainless steels,a fusion pass will be made first, followed by a final pass utilizing a fillerrod to achieve the desired fillet size.

Assembly

The codes applicable to the welding of socket weld fittings require thatthe tube be inserted into the socket until bottomed against the stop.The tube is then to be backed out approximately 1/16 of an inch andthen welded.

If the tube is not backed out, but welded when against a flat bottomstop, the contraction of the weld fillet and fitting socket can combine toproduce a static stress on the weld. During thermal transients, the fit-ting and the portion of the tube within the fitting may experience a dif-ferential rate of heating or cooling, again adding to the stress level inthe weld.

47

Tacking

If the weld joint is to be “tacked” before welding, it is recommended thatthe “tack” weld build-up be held to a minimum.

Excessive build-up on the “tack” may cause an interrupted final beadand a stress riser or lack of complete fusion.

Backing Gas

Backing gas is an inert gas used to flood the interior of the fittings andtube system during welding. It serves the same purpose internally asthe shielding gas used in TIG or MIG welding. By reducing the interioroxygen level to as low as practicable, it also serves to control the combustion of contaminates that could affect weld quality.

When a backing gas is not used and nearly 100% weld penetration isachieved, blisters will tend to form on the internal tube wall. This willresult in scale which may later break loose. Therefore, in 0.050 wall orthinner tube or where the wall thickness is such that the selected weldprocess may burn through, the use of a backing gas is mandatory.In most cases the backing gas will be argon or helium connected to thesystem through a control regulator. Flow rates, while small, should behigh enough to purge the system. Welds should be made in downstream sequence from the gas connection.

Note that the entire system should be purged to insure that there are noopenings that will allow air to be drawn into the system.

The use of backing gas, while often not mandatory, will give a betterweld joint. This is because the effects of contaminate combustion by-products are eliminated and because the welds are made and

cooled under a shielded atmosphere, thus eliminating internal scaling orblistering.

Welding Methods

300 Series Stainless Steels

May be welded by the TIG, MIG, or stick arc-weld process.

TIG welding is recommended as being best for welding Weld-lok systems because it allows better operator control of heat penetrationand filler material deposition.

Stick arc welding is not recommended in many cases because of thelikelihood of excessive burn-through and improper root penetration. Inall cases where stick welding is used, it is recommended that backinggas be used.

MIG welding gives the same characteristics as stick electrode weldingwith faster deposition of the filler material.

48

As this process runs “hotter” than the stick process, the use of a back-ing gas is mandatory. It should be noted that in welding the relativelysmall fitting sizes found in the Weld-lok line, filler deposition rateeconomies are not a factor and therefore the MIG method is not com-monly applied.C1018 Steel FittingsMay be welded by the TIG, MIG, stick and oxyacetylene methods. Asscale formation remains a problem, the use of a backing gas is still recommended.Carbide PrecipitationWhen unstabilized stainless steels are heated to 800˚ - 1500˚ F duringwelding, the chromium in the steel combines with the carbon to formchrome carbides which tend to form along the grain boundaries of themetal (carbide precipitation). This lowers the dissolved chromium content in these areas and thus lowers their corrosion resistance, making them vulnerable to intergranular corrosion. Carbide precipita-tion is reduced by holding the carbon content of the material to a verylow value. This limits the amount of carbon available to combine withthe chromium. The “L” series (extra low carbon) stainless steels areoften used for this purpose, but their use reduces system design stressby approximately 15%. Parker Weld-lok fittings are made from a select316 series with carbon content in the low range of 0.04 to 0.07 percent.This results in a welded fitting with good corrosion resistance and ahigh strength factor.All Parker Weld-lok fittings in stainless steel are supplied in the solution-treated condition, capable of passing ASTM-A-262 Tests forDetecting Susceptibility to Intergranular Corrosion.ARC PolarityWhen welding Weld-lok fittings, best results will be obtained by the following arc polarities:TIG - Direct Current, straight polarityMIG - Direct Current, reverse polaritySTICK - Polarity dependent on rod usedParker Weld-lok UnionFor further information on Parker’s Welded Fittings refer to Parker’sWelded Fittings Catalog 4280.49

Parker Hannifin’s Instrumentation Connectors Division offers a full lineof analytical tube fittings. These fittings range from elbows, tees, andmale connectors to low dead volume unions and column end fittings.Parker incorporates various features in the column end fittings to effectively address various industry concerns.• Peak symmetry for critical analysis• Internal volume reduction

As the observed media/substance migrates through the HPLC column,a “peak” or “band” is created that denotes the level of concentration. It is critical to maintain peak symmetry in order to get an accuratereading when processing the observed media/substance. ParkerHannifin, in the development of a line of column-end fittings, has incorporated some key features that help to maintain this “peaksymmetry” in HPLC columns.

Conical angle allowsdispersement of flowover more frit surface.03Controlledinternalvolume6.1 X 10–4 cc.060.020 I.D.90˚FLOWPrecision tolerancetube bore forfrit alignment.Drop In Frit DesignFlow stream contactsentire frit surfaceeliminatingunswept volumeFrit contained in tube boreDrop in frit allowsaccessibility forby tubing with propermicron changes andfitting make up.cleaning15˚.05Controlledinternalvolume6.1 X 10–3 cc.122.0135 I.D.Lead in angle forfrit positioningFLOW6˚Precision tolerancecounter bore forfrit assemblyAvoidance of entrapmentareas by flush mountingfrit in counterborePressed in frit eliminatesmovement of frit underpressure or disassembly.Press In Frit Design50

Under most circumstances in liquid chromatography (LC), the flowthrough the tube is laminar, the so-called Poiseulle flow, and in this situation the velocity at all points is parallel to the tube axis.

Due to the importance of maintaining smooth laminar flow after

injection of the sample into the HPLC column, Parker incorporated asmall conical angle on the fitting body internals. This conical anglehelps to equally disperse the sample into the column tube. One of thekey requirements of an effective column-end fitting is not to delay ordisturb the flow of the sample through the instrument (HPLC column).A second area to address is the minimizing of tube fitting internal “cavities”. A cavity is a short section of the flow path where the flow-channel diameter increases. It can occur where tubes are connected to each other (low dead volume connector) or to injectors, columns(column-end fittings), and detectors. Large cavities can seriouslydegrade the resolution of any chromatogram, but they can be easilyavoided through awareness of the geometric design details of the fittings and connecting parts manufactured by various companies.”Parker Hannifin has incorporated those critical features in both a lowdead volume union connector and the column-end fitting bodies. First,the utilization of inverted 1/16” connections to greatly reduce internalvolume or cavities. To eliminate any confusion or occurrence of incor-rect effective tube make-up, the port depths (body bore dimensions)are identical by size throughout the entire Parker Hannifin instrumenta-tion line. Second, Parker closely monitors the dimensions of the smallthrough-hole utilized in these low dead volume connectors.

51

Thread and Tube End Size Chart (U.S.A.)

NPT Thread1/4\"(1/4-18)1/16\"3/8\"(3/8-18)1/8\"(1/8-27)1/2\"(1/2-14)American StandardPipe Thread (NPT)60° thread angle • Pitch measured in inches• Truncation of root and crest are flat• Taper angle 1°47'3/4\"(3/4-14)1\"(1\"-11 1/2)52

Thread and Tube End Size Chart (International)

Straight Thread1/2-205/16-249/16-187/16-203/4-16American StandardUnified Thread (Straight)60° thread angle • Pitch measured in inches• Truncation of root and crest are flat• Diameter measured in inches7/8-141-1/16-1253

Thread and Tube End Size Chart (U.S.A.)

1/16\"1/8\"3/16\"

1/4\"

Tubing O.D. Size

5/16\"

1/2\"

3/8\"

5/8\"

3/4\"

7/8\"

1\"

54

Pipe and Tube End Size Chart (U.S.A)

1-1/4\"TubingO.D. Size1-1/4\"NPT Thread55

Pipe and Tube End Size Chart (U.S.A)TubingO.D. Size1-1/2\"1-1/2\"NPT Thread56

TubingO.D. Size2\"2\"NPT Thread57Thread and Tube End Size Chart (International)BSPTTapered Thread3/8\"(3/8-19)1/8\"(1/8-28)1/2\"(1/2-14)1/4\"(1/4-19)3/4\"(3/4-14)International Organizationfor Standards(ISO 7/1)55° thread angle • Pitch measured in inches• Truncation of root and crest are round• Taper angle 1°47'1\"(1\"-11)58

Thread and Tube End Size Chart (International)BSPPParallel Thread3/8\"(3/8-19)1/8\"(1/8-28)1/2\"(1/2-14)1/4\"(1/4-19)3/4\"(3/4-14)International Organizationfor Standards (ISO 228/1)55° thread angle • Pitch measured in inches• Truncation of root and crest are round• Diameter measured in inches1\"(1\"-11)59

Thread and Tube End Size Chart (International)

2mm3mm4mm6mm8mm10mm12mm

14mm

Tubing O.D. Size

15mm16mm

18mm

20mm

22mm

25mm

60

We are frequently asked to explain the differences in various types ofthreads, as piping specifications and (or) equipment are designed withthe following threaded connections:1. NPT2. BSPT3. BSPP

4. Screw Thread

5. S.A.E. Straight Thread6. Metric Thread

NPTThread

NPT, National Pipe Thread or pipe taper is the most commonly usedpipe thread in the United States and Canada.

601 47'NPT MALE

NPT FEMALE

PORT

Figure 1NPT (National Pipe Taper)

Characteristics of NPT

1. Thread Pitch measured in inches.2. Root & Crest Truncation are flat.3. 60˚ Thread Angle4. Taper Angle 1˚ 47’

Parker’s Instrumentation Products Division machines this thread on allCPI™, A-LOK®as well as on pipe & pipe adapter fittings where N.P.T. isdesignated. All male threads are rolled for strength and durability.

Parker IPD’s NPT threads meet the standards set forth by ANSIB1.20.1

61

BSPT- British Standard Taper

551 47'BSPT MALE

Figure 2BSPT

BSPT FEMALE

PORT

Characteristics of BSPT1. Taper Angle 1˚ 47’2. 55˚ thread angle

3. Pitch can be measured in millimeters or inches4. Thread truncation is round

BSPT threads are different from and will not substitute for N.P.T.threads.

The following standards are equivalent to B.S.P.T.a. ISO 7/1 (International Standards Organization)b. DIN 2999 (Deutsche Industrial Norme)c. JIS B0203 (Japanese Industrial Standard)d. BS 21 British Standard

BSPP- British Standard Parallel Pipe

Form A

Aself centering taper isused at the hex whichcenters a “Bonded” wash-er (usually metal and elas-tomer) to seal to the sur-face surrounding thefemale thread.

Form B

Ametal gasket (usuallycopper) performs the sealbetween the face of thebody and the face of thefemale threaded

component. For Form “B”replace “R” in P/N with“BR”.

Figure 3BSPP

62

Characteristics of BSPP

1. 55˚ thread angle

2. Thread pitch measured in inches3. Thread diameter measured in inches4. Root/Crest Truncation round

A parallel thread form uses the threads for holding power only andseals by means of an O-ring and retainer ring.The following standards are equivalent to B.S.P.P.

a. ISO 228/1 (International Standards Organization)

b. DIN 3852 Part 2 & Parallel threads (Deutsche Industrial Norme)c. JIS B0202 (Japanese Industrial Standard)d. BS 2779 (British Standard)

Unified Screw Threads

These are very common threads utilized on valves and fitting stems,nut and fitting end threads. They are straight, NOTtapered threadsused for holding power.

P60°90°AXISFigure 4

Screw threads are denoted by the following:For instance:

5/16-20

Thread Number ofDiameterThreads per inch

63

In general - screw threads can be further classified into various typesof pitch’ (UNF) Unified Fine Pitch - (UNC) Unified Coarse - (UN) UnifiedConstant.

These classifications are determined by the relationship of threads perinch to outer diameter.

Note:For further information on thread pitch, please refer to ISO standards handbook or H-28 handbook.

SAE Straight Thread Port (SAE J1926)

Parker straight thread fittings shown are for connection with the SAEstraight thread port as shown here. Basic port dimensions are give inFig. 5 below. This port is the same as MS16142. It is also similar to, butdimensionally not the same as MS 33649 and AND 10050.

DETAIL A SEE DETAIL AY41RECOMMENDED SPOTFACE DIA.THIS SURFACE SHALL BE SQUARE WITHTHE THREAD PITCH DIA. WITHIN 0.010F.I.M. WHEN MEASURED AT \"O\" DIA.U DIA.O.004/.008 RZ100KP3S2MIN. FULL THREAD OR

PORT HEIGHT

45∞±5∞\"T\" THREADD DIA.THIS DIM. APPLIES ONLY WHEN TAPDRILL CAN NOT PASS THRU ENTIRE PORT.J

Thread

TubeSizeO.D.UNF-2B1/85/16-243/163/8-241/47/16-205/161/2-203/89/16-181/23/4-165/87/8-143/41-1/16-127/81-3/16-1211-5/16-121-1/41-5/8-121-1/21-7/8-1222-1/2-12

Min.

DFullKOMin.Thd.+.015Min.Dia.Depth-.000Dia.0.0620.1250.1720.2340.2970.3910.4840.6090.7190.8441.0781.3121.781

.390.390.454.454.500.562.656.750.750.750.750.750.750

.074.074.093.093.097.100.100.130.130.130.132.132.132

.438.500.563.625.688.8751.0001.2501.3751.5001.8752.1252.750

PMin.TapDrillDepth.468.468.547.547.609.688.781.906.906.906.906.906.906

U+.005S-.000MaxDia..062.062.062.062.062.094.094.094.094.125.125.125.125

.358.421.487.550.616.811.9421.1481.2731.3981.7131.9622.587

Z+1-112121212121515151515151515

YDia..672.750.828.906.9691.1881.3441.6251.7651.9102.2702.5603.480

Figure 5SAE Straight Thread O-ring Port Dimensions

64

NOTE:Tap drill lengths “P” given here require bottoming taps.Increase “P” as required for standard taps.

NOTE:Diameter “U” shall be concentric with thread pitch diameterwithin .005 FIM. It should be free from longitudinal and spiral toolmarks.

Metric Threads (ISO 6149-2)

The following sections were prepared with the intention of explainingthat NONE of them should be confused with a metric thread.

Please remember that a metric thread, be it parallel or tapered is des-ignated as metric by the distance in millimeters from thread crest tocrest. In the case of the parallel thread Figure 6 the O.D. is alsoexpressed in millimeters.

60SPOTFACEO-RINGMETRIC PARALLEL

MALE

METRIC PARALLEL FEMALE PORT

Figure 6

To assist you in determining the various types of threads, Parker hasavailable the International Thread I.D. Kit/Bulletin 4303-B1. It includescalipers, international and screw thread pitch gauges.

Parker Hannifin’s Instrumentation Products Divisions offer the followingstainless steel high quality fittings and document Heat CodeTraceability (HCT).

• CPI™Tube Fittings• A-LOK®Tube Fittings

• Instrumentation Pipe Fittings• Orbital Tube Weld Fittings• MiniButtweld Fittings• VacuSeal Couplings

• UltraSeal Couplings• Needle Valves• Ball Valves• Check Valves• Filters

65

HCT refers to the fact that a particular part can be traced back to theoriginal mill heat of metal from which it was made. Beginning with theoriginal melt, a package of documents is created which completelydescribes the metal in physical and chemical terms. The end result isthat a number which is permanently stamped to the part, refers back tothe document package.

The HCT number is stamped on the material (bar stock or forging) priorto manufacturing. The concept is useful because it provides a methodfor complete material accountability for the manufacturer and end customer.

For instance, interpretations of applicable specifications governing theuse of materials in nuclear power plants lean toward the idea that HCTmaterials are not mandatory on 3/4” and smaller pipe (1” and smallerO.D. tubing) lines. However, heat code traceability for larger materialsizes is mandatory and many designers insist that the protectionoffered by heat code traceability may be made part of small line installations as well, especially what is known as Class 1 or criticalapplications. Only Parker tube fittings offer the nuclear designer thecapability to specify heat code traceability for his pressure retaining fitting bodies.

The material used in Parker Hannifin instrumentation fitting componentsis 316 or 316L (welded products) stainless steel as specified and

referenced in Section III of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel code.The American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler andPressure Vessel code, Section III, latest issue, entitles Rules forConstruction of Nuclear Power Plant Components, is the principal document covering this type of fitting in the nuclear field. ANSI

Standard B 31.1.0, Power Piping, and ANSI Standard B 31.7, NuclearPower Piping are also important documents in the field.

In addition to the documentation of chemical and physical properties,great care is taken throughout the manufacture of Parker’s tube fittingsto ensure that potential stress corrosion will not be a problem in normalusage of the parts. Manufacturing processes avoid exposure of theparts to mercury or halogens, and control of thermal treatment avoidsthe condition known as continuous grain boundary carbide precipitation.

The entire product line of stainless steel instrumentation fittings is

manufactured to meet or exceed all applicable specifications to assurethe designer that he is working with a quality product. This also assuresthe engineer, the contractor, and the customer that they are workingwith a high quality product that is in full compliance with all applicablespecifications.

66

These specifications ensure high quality instrumentation fittings for usein fossil fuel power plants, chemical refineries, general instrumentationand processing plants. Requirements are now emerging in the semiconductor and pharmaceutical industries.

Not only are the materials continuously monitored, but Parker adheresto a formal, documented Quality Assurance Program that controls manufacture, marking, testing and examination procedures, cleaningand packaging.

Although not all customer orders require the high degree of qualityassurance imposed by Parker, it is the policy of the company to manufacture products to meet all existing specifications, as well asanticipated future requirements in the area of Heat Code Traceability.HCT offers these advantages:

•Raw materials for manufacture must meet code requirements. This can be verified through documentation so that the customer is certain that what is ordered is received.

•HCT provides a record of chemical analysis with the raw material.Thus, in areas requiring welding, the correct welding technique isapplied.

HCT relieves the user of Parker instrumentation tube fittings of anydoubts. It acts as an assurance for today and for tomorrow.

Instrumentation tube fittings were on the market for only a short timewhen manufacturers realized that a pure compression 316 stainlesssteel fitting, single or double ferrule, while working well with fluids

would not effectively seal gases. Nor would stainless steel compressionferrules hold to the working pressure of the many tube wall thicknessesbeing specified. Also, compression ferrules would not effectively sealgases on stainless steel tubing with surface imperfections. It becameevident that it would be necessary to harden the

surface of the ferrule to improve service performance. All fitting manufacturers began to harden the leading edge of the ferrules tosolve this problem.

Parker’s Instrumentation Products Division was not alone in recognizing the application problems associated with pure compression stainless steel fittings. But, as often happens with engineering trade-offs, chemical hardening, while a solution to theproblem at hand, affected and changed the chemistry of the 316 stainless material.

67

Chemical hardening of the ferrule reduced its resistance to corrosion.The race was on to find a new way to maintain the benefits of chemicalhardening without changing the base chemistry of the 316 stainlessmaterial. Parker has taken the lead in the development of the chemicalhardening process ideal for ferrules designed to grip and sealstainlesssteel tubing. The process, a technological breakthrough, is calledSuparcase®.

Parker Suparcase®is a proprietary chemical process for the treatmentof ASTM 316 stainless steel ferrules that imparts a unique set of

physical characteristics that greatly enhances the corrosion resistanceand hardness of ASTM 316 stainless steel. The Parker Suparcase®

ferrules offer several important advantages over untreated ASTM 316stainless steel.

The first important advantage lies in performance in corrosive

environments. When compared to untreated ASTM 316 stainless steel,Suparcase®offers at least equivalent or better performance in the following corrosive environments:50% sulfuric acid solution at 25˚ C50% nitric acid solution at 25˚ C30% acetic acid solution at 25˚ C5% sodium hypochlorite at 25˚ C

Type II simulated black liquor at 25˚ C(TAPPI TIS 0402-09)

Standard stress corrosion cracking tests have been performed onSuparcased ASTM 316 stainless steel, and untreated ASTM 316 stainless steel. The tests were conducted on U-bend specimens andon standard tensile specimens in chloride, hydroxide, and sulfide solutions. These tests have shown that the Suparcase®is at least equivalent or better in performance in resistance to stress corrosioncracking as compared to untreated ASTM 316 stainless steel.Also, the Suparcase®ferrule has a surface hardness exceeding that ofuntreated ASTM 316 stainless steel enabling the Suparcase®ferrule togrip and seal ASTM 316 stainless steel tubing.

Over the past several years, IPD has made dramatic product qualityimprovements. Improvements have been made in forging quality, bodyseats and tube bore surfaces, pipe threads, nut quality, I.D. surface finishes, overall improved tolerances and now Suparcase®, the ultimateproduct advantage.

68

The Parker Suparcase®ferrule is a new breakthrough as a result oftechnology transfer from extensive research into super-corrosion resistant austenitic stainless steel by Parker’s Research and

Development Group. The Suparcase®ferrule has been developed togreatly enhance the corrosion resistance and hardness at ASTM type316 stainless steel. Due to the Suparcase®ferrule’s unique set of physical characteristics, it’s ideal for instrumentation fitting ferruleswhich must seal and grip on commercial stainless steel tubing.The Parker Suparcase®ferrule has the following features, advantagesand benefits to the user:

1.Superior or equal to ASTM type 316 stainless steel in a broad range of corrosive applications.2.Not affected by the standard working temperatures of ASTM type316 stainless steel.3. Superior resistance to pitting compared to ASTM 316.4. Superior to ASTM 316 in stress corrosion tests.

5. A high surface hardness that prevents galling and increasesremakes.6.Proven in field applications throughout the world.Typical Sample of Corrosion Resistance

Corrosion Environment Acetic Acid

Boiling Nitric AcidHydrochloric AcidASTM Salt SprayTest #B117Sulfuric AcidSO2 Atmosphere34% MgCL2StressCorrosion Test

Suparcase®Ferrulecompared to

Untreated ASTM316SuperiorEquivalentEquivalentEquivalentSuperiorEquivalentSuperior

69

NOTES

70

NOTES

71

NOTES

72

Parker Hannifin CorporationInstrumentation Products Division1005 AHuntsville, Alabama 35805Cleaner Way

Phone:(256) 881-2040Fax: (256) 881-5072www.parker.com/ipdusBulletin 4200-B4, 2.5M, 07/04